CURRENT PROJECTS
Deciphering the mechanisms of forearc basin formation by engaging undergraduate and middle school students in field and analytical geoscience research (NSF EAR CAREER #1942460)
From Dr. Orme’s NSF abstract: Forearc basins develop oceanward of the magmatic arc of a convergent margin and trap sediment in deep troughs. These basins can exist for tens to hundreds of millions of years, serving as a long-term record of past Earth environments, processes, climate regimes, and life. They also host natural resources such as oil and gas. The goal of this research is to determine the origin of forearc basins by investigating the relationship between the types of rocks that underlie the basin and the sedimentary rocks preserved within the basin.
Basal forearc-basement contact, Yarlung suture zone, southern Tibet
The research and education components of this project focus on increasing diversity in, and accessibility to, the geosciences through sustained engagement with underrepresented undergraduate students and middle school girls from rural communities in Montana. Students will participate in research design, field and laboratory work, and national conferences. Students also will help lead a STEM workshop for middle school girls focused on rocks and minerals from the western U.S. and Tibet. The project will resolve critical questions in the evolution of Earth and offer opportunities to students who traditionally have limited participation in the geosciences.
Recruitment of undergraduate students will start in Fall 2020 (stay tuned).
Basal age and provenance of the Great Valley forearc basin, California
In collaboration with Dr. Kathleen Surpless
Student: Mariah Romero, PhD Student, MSU
The preservation of the Great Valley forearc has led to over 60 years of research devoted to understanding its evolution, as well as the deep-water sedimentologic processes related to the development of vast petroleum and natural gas reservoirs (e.g., Graham, 1987). Recent advances in geochronologic dating and applications to provenance studies have shed light on sediment dispersal and infilling patterns of the Great Valley forearc (DeGraaff-Surpless et al, 2002; Dumitru et al., 2013; Sharman et al., 2014). However, the application of such tools, has also called into question
Great Valley forearc, CA at the UC Davis McLaughlin Reserve
previously understood stratigraphic age constraints on the timing of initial basin sedimentation (Surpless et al. 2006). More than 10 years after this provocative study, the age and stratigraphic architecture of the basal Great Valley forearc remains unclear. The objectives of this study are to study the “birth” of a forearc basin through determining the depositional age and stratigraphic architecture of the basal Great Valley forearc basin.
Sedimentary facies and structural evolution of the Yarlung Suture Zone
In collaboration with Dr. Andrew Laskowski, Dr. Fulong Cai and Dr. Ding Lin
The Yarlung suture zone in southern Tibet contains several sedimentary successions that record sedimentation along the southern margin of Asia and leading edge of India prior to and following the onset of continent-continent collision. Our current work documents the discovery of two previously undocumented siliciclastic sedimentary successions, which we mapped and measured during our 2018 field season.
Laskowski, A.K., Orme, D.A., Cai, F., Ding, L., (2019) The Ancestral Lhasa River: A Late Cretaceous trans-arc river that drained the Proto-Tibetan Plateau, Geology, doi:10.1130/G46823.1/
Dr. Andrew Laskowski mapping along the Yarlung Suture Zone, July 2018
Extracting t-T histories from highly variable zircon He datasets
Student: Chance Ronemus, MS Student, MSU
In collaboration with Dr. William Guenthner
Recent advances in the understanding of He diffusivity in zircon provide new opportunities to extract thermal histories from regions with which experienced multiple and prolonged thermal events using the zircon He method. We are currently working on new thermochronologic constraints on the time-Temperature history of the northern Rocky Mountain region in Wyoming.
Top of Beartooth Pass, Beartooth Mountains, MT-WY border
Check out our article in EPSL: Orme et al. 2016
Impact of the Plio-Pleistocene Transition on Provenance and Sediment Routing from the Himalaya to the Deep-Sea Bengal Fan (NSF-GEO-NERC 2026870)
In collaboration with Dr. Michael Blum, Dr. Yani Najman, Dr. James Gleason and Dr. Kurt Sundell
Currently searching for a motivated MSstudent for this project!
From our NSF abstract: The Himalayas represent the largest mountain chain on Earth, and reside mostly in Nepal, India, Pakistan and China. The Himalayas began rising many millions of years ago when India collided with Asia, which changed Earth?s climate, altered ocean circulation and chemistry, and impacted the course of biological evolution. Erosion of the Himalayas resulted in deposition of the largest pile of sediment on the planet in the Bay of Bengal, the deep-sea Bengal Fan. Within this sediment record lies the history of the Himalayas, the now eroded Mt. Everests of the past, buried under sediment of the continental shelf and the deepest parts of the Indian Ocean. In 2015, a multi-national expedition on the JOIDES Resolution, a specially designed scientific drilling ship, recovered ~1.5 miles of sediment cores that contains this record.
Yarlung-Brahmaputra and Ganges rivers systems and their sink, the submarine Bengal Fan (From Blum et al. 2019).
New research will use these sediments to trace the history of Himalayan erosion and how two of the world?s largest rivers, the Ganges and Brahmaputra, delivered it to the Bay of Bengal over the last 3-5 million years. Giant mountain ranges like the Himalayas are a rarity through geologic history, but without the Himalayas there are no drenching Asian monsoons, no fertile floodplains or aquifers, no ancient Indus Civilization, and no Mt. Everests in that part of the world. The results of this research will therefore tell us about climate change, landscape evolution, and how one of the world’s most densely populated areas came to be as seen today. Understanding the past in this way can help us better understand the future for the 10% of the world’s population that lives under the influence of this incredible geographic feature. This project also supports international collaboration between scientists and students from several universities in the U.S., the U.K. and several Asian countries where field work will be conducted.
Assessing controls on forearc basin subsidence
In collaboration with Dr. Stephan Graham
Low and high density turbidites, Great Valley Forearc, California
Forearc basins are important sediment archives for understanding continental dynamics because they preserve the tectonic, erosional and magmatic record of convergent margins. However, the tectonic forces that drive subsidence in forearc basins are poorly understood. This research seeks to determine the relative contribution of a variety of end-member subsidence mechanisms that act on forearc basins by using the California Great Valley forearc basin as the natural laboratory.
Check out our article in GSA Books:
